How useful is TLP for Ubuntu 18.04 and 18.10?

It very much depends on the hardware and not only how old or used up it is. There are so many variables to consider that it’s basically impossible to do a general test that applies to most computers/laptops. E.g. if your laptop has a gaming graphics card but you only browse and read text documents then it might draw more power than an Intel HD iGPU. But if you have the same graphics card, play only games the whole time and compare the power draw to an Intel HD playing the same game then obviously the gamer graphics card will win, because it is suited for such usage and copes better with the target usage.
Also your test was just running a Video. So you mainly tested the power draw of your graphical processing unit. If you want a good test, there should be like 20 different laptops of all styles and qualities tested one time with a CPU stress test on and the second time with a GPU stress test on. Then the results would maybe be a bit more referrable.