Thats why we created the Pennines keep everyone out.
So did the French create the Alps for the same reason?
Yes And the spanish built the Pyrenees
All copies of the Yorkshire idea
Could it perhaps be that people originally settled in valleys, so mountains became a divide.?
I must say I was impressed. Seeing such a historical landmark that I had only seen on TV.
Read Fred Hoyle āOn Stonehengeā
Cheaper on abebooks
Good idea, but we built our mountain to keep Lancashire people out.
So Britain used to be āflat earthā until you Yorkies dug it up?
Slight correction
When the men from Yorkshire created the worldā¦ and someone said let there be light. The Yorkshire men said who is paying the bloody electricity bill.
back to topic 
Iāve reinstalled FreeBSD 15.0 with ZFS filesystem. Hereās how it looks after automatic install with USB .iso:
pete@FreeBSD:~ $ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
zroot/ROOT/default 229G 4.8G 224G 2% /
devfs 1.0K 0B 1.0K 0% /dev
/dev/gpt/efiboot0 256M 1.3M 255M 0% /boot/efi
procfs 8.0K 0B 8.0K 0% /proc
zroot/var/log 224G 304K 224G 0% /var/log
zroot/tmp 224G 5.2M 224G 0% /tmp
zroot 224G 96K 224G 0% /zroot
zroot/home 224G 96K 224G 0% /home
zroot/var/audit 224G 96K 224G 0% /var/audit
zroot/usr/src 224G 96K 224G 0% /usr/src
zroot/var/mail 224G 136K 224G 0% /var/mail
zroot/var/crash 224G 96K 224G 0% /var/crash
zroot/var/tmp 224G 96K 224G 0% /var/tmp
zroot/usr/ports 224G 96K 224G 0% /usr/ports
zroot/home/pete 224G 72M 224G 0% /home/pete
I have only one SSD disk for this so no RAID. Need to learn how to make snapshots. I have tried the Btrfs on Linux earlier but will read about ZFS next. Any ideas how to proceed?
My first reaction is alarm. ā¦ it frightens me having to learn about all those partitions. Telling me they are not real partitions but just something logical within zfs does not calm me. A lot of it is fear of the unknown ā¦ I am sure it could be made to work.
You shall find out if it has any advantages.
This is my hobby computer so no need to worry! Learning experience to zfs
I use FreeBSD a tiny bit more than Linux, and must say, even on my low-spec computer, it runs smoothly. I feel it gives you more control than Linux (compiling with ports) and itās way more conpatible witj my devices. Sreongly recommend anyone to try it.
You would like Gentoo (if you havenāt already tried it)! I find ports too complicated compared to Gentooās portage. With Gentoo you have USE flags but with FreeBSDās ports you need to select/deselect all during builds. I use pkg with FreeBSD .
Btw, made my first snapshot. Now Iāll wait for some updates and the I try to roll back to see if it works
Well on the other side, I find gentoo pretty problematic. With ports, I just can use menuconfig. With Gentoo, with USE flags, I can break my system (fun fact: has happened on ALL my installations! due to conflicting use flags). But the worst thing about ports is the sizeā¦ Created a dummy 100GB disk and installed. Latest git commit is totally sized 21.2GB. I think there should be an option to individually check out categories. For example, I have deleted games, and it always appears after git pull. Gentoo does that better, but I think there should also be an option to use gmake / bmake instead of ebuild in the repo.
I have never broke my Gentoo installs. I have it on all my computers. I donāt use global ~amd64 on my make.conf and only enable guru (never any others) on some of my machines. I have only few use flags (and - flags) on my make.conf and use more /etc/portage/package.use/<package_name> for the special flags for that one package. Hereās my laptopās make.conf:
āā[pete@gentoo]ā[~]
āāāā¼ cat /etc/portage/make.conf
# These settings were set by the catalyst build script that automatically
# built this stage.
# Please consult /usr/share/portage/config/make.conf.example for a more
# detailed example.
WARNING_FLAGS="-Werror=odr -Werror=lto-type-mismatch -Werror=strict-aliasing"
COMMON_FLAGS="-O2 -pipe -march=x86-64-v3 -flto ${WARNING_FLAGS}"
CFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
CXXFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
FCFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
FFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
FEATURES="${FEATURES} getbinpkg"
FEATURES="${FEATURES} binpkg-request-signature"
FEATURES="candy parallel-fetch parallel-install -merge-wait unmerge-orphans"
# NOTE: This stage was built with the bindist Use flag enabled
MAKEOPTS="-j7 -l6"
EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="-avg --keep-going --jobs 7"
USE="X wayland lto elogind udev xorg wireless bluetooth cups acl policykit dbus -ipv6 -dvd -dvdr -cdr -kde -plasma -gnome -gnome-online-accounts -selinux -ios -ipod -thunderbolt"
USE="${USE} networkmanager"
PORTAGE_SCHEDULING_POLICY="idle"
ACCEPT_LICENSE="*"
INPUT_DEVICES="libinput synaptics"
VIDEO_CARDS="intel"
GRUB_PLATFORMS="efi-64"
LINGUAS="en"
L10N="en-GB"
CPU_FLAGS_X86="aes avx avx2 f16c fma3 mmx mmxext pclmul popcnt rdrand sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3"
# This sets the language of build output to English.
# Please keep this setting intact when reporting bugs.
LC_MESSAGES=C.utf8
GRUB_PLATFORMS="efi-64"
and I have some extra flags for these packages:
āā[pete@gentoo]ā[~]
āāāā¼ ls /etc/portage/package.use/
00cpu-flags clutter dhcpcd-ui gcc libsdl2 openrc polkit qt5compat sddm swaybg virt-manager waybar
cinnamon cups dnsmasq gnome-boxes mesa openvpn pulseaudio qtbase spice sys-kernel virtualbox xdg-desktop-portal-hyprland
cinnamon-control-center cups-meta elogind installkernel mpv pipewire qemu samba sway thunderbird virtualbox-modules
as you can see I havenāt cleaned all the package.use flags (like Hyprland, Iām using Sway atm) but itās just me being lazy.
This is totally my opinion and I value yours!
Iām not 100% sure why it does it this way - but mineās similar - thatās GhostBSD in a QEMU / KVM guest :
x@daphnis ~> df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
zroot/ROOT/default 40G 4.8G 35G 12% /
devfs 1.0K 0B 1.0K 0% /dev
procfs 8.0K 0B 8.0K 0% /proc
linprocfs 8.0K 0B 8.0K 0% /compat/linux/proc
tmpfs 9.1G 4.0K 9.1G 0% /tmp
linsysfs 8.0K 0B 8.0K 0% /compat/linux/sys
fdescfs 1.0K 0B 1.0K 0% /dev/fd
zroot/home 36G 1.1G 35G 3% /home
zroot/var/audit 35G 96K 35G 0% /var/audit
zroot/var/mail 35G 108K 35G 0% /var/mail
zroot/tmp 35G 144K 35G 0% /tmp
zroot/var/tmp 35G 96K 35G 0% /var/tmp
zroot/var/log 35G 384K 35G 0% /var/log
zroot/var/crash 35G 96K 35G 0% /var/crash
zroot/usr/ports 35G 96K 35G 0% /usr/ports
devfs 1.0K 0B 1.0K 0% /compat/linux/dev
fdescfs 1.0K 0B 1.0K 0% /compat/linux/dev/fd
tmpfs 9.1G 4.0K 9.1G 0% /compat/linux/dev/shm
baphomet.local:/mnt/BARGEARSE 10T 9.1T 1.3T 87% /mnt/BARGEARSE
Seems to use a fair bit less disk space than a recent Debian or Ubuntu installā¦ e.g. I have Debian 13 with Gnome installed in a VM and itās using 13 GB for ā/āā¦
I have a basic understanding of those zfs āsetsā or ādatasetsā (I think thatās the terminology - I also have a Solaris 11.4 (x86) VM - and it also has multiple datasets :
x@slowlardarse00:~$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Available Capacity Mounted on
rpool/ROOT/solaris 19G 2.7G 10G 21% /
rpool/ROOT/solaris/var
19G 315M 10G 3% /var
/devices 0K 0K 0K 0% /devices
/dev 0K 0K 0K 0% /dev
ctfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/contract
proc 0K 0K 0K 0% /proc
mnttab 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/mnttab
swap 8.2G 6.5M 8.2G 1% /system/volatile
swap 8.2G 4K 8.2G 1% /tmp
objfs 0K 0K 0K 0% /system/object
sharefs 0K 0K 0K 0% /etc/dfs/sharetab
fd 0K 0K 0K 0% /dev/fd
/usr/lib/libc/libc_hwcap2.so.1
13G 2.7G 10G 21% /lib/libc.so.1
rpool/VARSHARE 19G 2.7M 10G 1% /var/share
rpool/VARSHARE/tmp 19G 31K 10G 1% /var/tmp
rpool/VARSHARE/kvol 19G 31K 10G 1% /var/share/kvol
rpool/VARSHARE/zones 19G 31K 10G 1% /system/zones
rpool/export 19G 32K 10G 1% /export
rpool/export/home 19G 32K 10G 1% /export/home
rpool/export/home/x 19G 36K 10G 1% /export/home/x
rpool 19G 4.3M 10G 1% /rpool
rpool/VARSHARE/pkg 19G 32K 10G 1% /var/share/pkg
rpool/VARSHARE/sstore
19G 1.2M 10G 1% /var/share/sstore/repo
rpool/VARSHARE/pkg/repositories
19G 31K 10G 1% /var/share/pkg/repositories
/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s2 707M 707M 0K 100% /media/Oracle_Solaris-11_4-Text-X86
Making the ā/ā ZFS - i.e. ārpoolā a mirror pair was as simple as :
zpool attach rpool c2d0 c2d1
And now :
root@slowlardarse00:~# zpool status
pool: rpool
state: ONLINE
scan: resilvered 7.03G in 1m03s with 0 errors on Sun Dec 28 12:24:09 2025
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
rpool ONLINE 0 0 0
mirror-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c2d0 ONLINE 0 0 0
c2d1 ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors