What's the correct term? open source, Open source, open-source, open source software?

My friends,
I’ve run into a problem: I don’t know how to write “open source” :disappointed:.

I’ve done some research and there are all sorts of answers.
My question is what is the correct way to write it?

  • Open source
  • Open Source
  • open source
  • Open-source
  • open-source
  • Open source software
  • open source software
  • Open-source software
  • open-source software
    or any other form that exists on the net

according to the open source initiative (written open source),

No! Open Source is never hyphenated when referring to software

(with Open Source)

On the same page:

By contrast, open in “open-source intelligence” is the dictionary meaning of “open”, i.e., “open to or in view of all” or “transparent”. In this case, open-source is a compound modifier/compound adjective with a meaning comparable to “source-viewable”, “source-available”, “source-transparent”.

(with "open-source"and is the meaning of “open”)

On the same page:

The word open in “open source” does not have the meaning “open” as one would find in the dictionary. Instead, “open source” also entails user freedoms, inasmuch as users of the software for any purpose do not have to negotiate with the rights owners to enjoy (use/improve/share/monetise) the software. That is, it is not only about transparency.

and

 ...distributed on the same medium must be open source software.

(written “open source”)

So “open source” is the correct term for the software?

On Open Source Definition ( written “Open Source”) page, from the open source initiative website:

Open source doesn’t just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open source software must comply with the following criteria...

(written "Open source)
I believe that Open source is related to the license, correct?

According to wikipedia:

For common use, see open source software. Not to be confused with open source (pin configuration) and open access.
Open Source Initiative logo

Open source is source code that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution.

Open source is the license
open source software is OSS

But if you click on the link to the page ( written “open source software”):

image

opens the Wikipedia page Open-source software (written “Open-source”).

On this page, we can read:

Open-source software shares similarities with [free software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software) and is part of the broader term [free and open-source software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software).

but we can also read:

"Open source" emphasizes the strengths of the open development model rather than software freedoms. While the goals behind the terms are different, open-source licenses and free software licenses 

(“Open source” for software and “open-source” for licenses)

In the 90s, the term "open source" was coined as an alternative label for free software, and specific criteria were laid out to determine which licenses covered free and open-source software.

(“open source” for software)

Open Source Definition

On the Red Hat website:

Open source software is code that is designed to be publicly accessible—anyone can see, modify, and distribute the code as they see fit.

(written “Open source software”)

The open source movement

(I honestly don’t know what to say about this)

Peterson proposed the idea of replacing "free software" with the term "open source" 

I understand that it can be “O” and not “the” if it is the first word written at the beginning of the sentence.

The examples I’ve given are just from the many sites I’ve searched to find out how to write “Open source”

I hadn’t come across this problem until today, having the need to write formally.

In addition to the correct way of writing in English, who can tell me, please, what the correct forms are for licenses and software and without saying neither licenses nor software what it refers to and how to write it?

Thank you very much in advance and I apologize for this confusion.

Jorge

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Is this ready for a youtube video. Where you jump about on a stage chanting open source, bit like steve b did for developers

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Hi Paul,
Don’t make fun of me, it’s a very serious matter that I don’t know the answer to, believe me, my friend

Jorge

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Sorry my friend, would never do that to you… I was laughing at the idea of the balmer chant. Too many glasses of your fine port with my evening meal.

I dont have the answer to your question, I never worry about how to write correctly, usually the system autocorrects me.

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Great topic Jorge.
I think part of the answer is English is an evolving language. Until the term makes it into an recognized dictionary, it can be used in any way .

Apart from that , legal jargon may attempt to define a very tight usage… for example when labelling a product that is not open source, can you get around the licencing by labelling it open-source?
Its a bit like the difference between ‘Australian Made’ and ‘Made in Australia’ … one is legal, the other is fake, ( I cant remember which) but does the consumer know the difference?

I think it is a grey area.

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As usual I asked Copilot. It gave a reasonable answer. That doesn’t mean it is correct or even very helpful.

It can definitely be confusing with all the different variations out there! Here’s a quick guide to help you out:

  1. open source: Use this form when referring to the concept in general. For example, “Open source is a development model.”
  2. Open Source: Capitalize both words only when referring to the Open Source Initiative or as part of a proper noun.
  3. open-source: Hyphenate when using it as an adjective before a noun. For example, “open-source software.”
  4. open source software: Use this form when referring to the software in general, without hyphenation. For example, “I prefer using open source software.”

So, depending on the context, you can choose the appropriate form. If you’re writing for a specific style guide, it’s always good to check their preferences too[1].

Does this help clear things up? :blush:

References

[1] open source, open-source - Microsoft Style Guide

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That makes sense
but
I dont understand why 4. is different

We forgot ‘opensource’ … I wonder if that is the adjective?

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I thought the same thing. I read them both about four times.

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That is AI for you.
I reckon it is echoing 2 different sources

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I prefer ‘Open-Source’… But nice topic for discussion!! :sweat_smile:

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"Typically, for open-source projects, the creator owns the software but provides a license to other “contributors” to reproduce, modify and redistribute "

Sorry Jorge, this is slightly off-topic
I thought when/if I put software in the public domain, I reliquished ownership?
Is that not correct?
That is at least what the BSD licence implies… I have no further control over it.

Back to the topic
Oxford dictionary says hypenate ‘open-source’ if it is an adjective; dont hyphenate
'open source ’ if it is a noun.
That is only half an answer. What if it is a verb? “I might decide to ‘opensource/open-source’ my software”
and
what if it is an adverb " I decided to ‘opensource/open-source’ manage my software"

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I have switched to using Open source when mentioning the term at the start of a sentence, and open source if in the middle.

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My friends,
Thank you all very much for your replies.
Something that should be so simple turns out to be more complicated than I initially thought because, quite frankly, I was even afraid to ask such a question.

After carefully reading all your replies, which I am very grateful for once again, I believe that this issue will only be resolved when the term appears in a recognized dictionary, as Neville said. Until then, it seems to be up to everyone’s “taste”. Even AI (thanks pdecker) mixes up the terms, although it’s not a credible source, of course.

Taking advantage of all your answers, I think I’ll use “Open Source” and “open-source software”, but sincerely, I still have a lot of doubts about this.

Paul,
I’m in need of a glass of Port wine.

Jorge

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abstinence … I’ll drink to that.!

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